A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may even be inserted between a first and last name (for example, Graf in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary.
[edit] Formal social titles
Mr - Formal male title Ms - Formal female title Mrs - Formal title for married females Miss - Formal title for unmarried females
For titles adopted by individuals of no defined gender, see
Bigender.
[edit] Academic titles
Associate
AA - Associate of Arts AAS - Associate of Applied Science AS - Associate of Science
Bachelor
BA – Bachelor of Arts BArch – Bachelor of Architecture BBA – Bachelor of Business Administration B.Des. - Bachelor of Design BEng – Bachelor of Engineering BFA - Bachelor of Fine Arts LLB – Bachelor of Law B.Phil – Bachelor of Philosophy BSc – Bachelor of Science BVSc – Bachelor of Veterinary Science
Dean
Dean Emeritus
Designer [Dz] Doctor
DA – Doctor of Arts DBA – Doctor of Business Administration D.D. – Doctor of Divinity Ed.D. – Doctor of Education DFA – Doctor of Fine Arts DMA – Doctor of Musical Arts D.Min. – Doctor of Ministry D.Mus. – Doctor of Music D.Prof – Doctor of Professional Studies DPA – Doctor of Public Administration D.Sc. – Doctor of Science JD – Doctor of Jurisprudence LL.D – Doctor of Laws MD – Doctor of Medicine Pharm.D. – Doctor of Pharmacy Ph.D. / D.Phil. – Doctor of Philosophy PsyD – Doctor of Psychology Th.D. – Doctor of Theology Doctorates within the field of medicine:
Master
MArch – Master of Architecture MA – Master of Arts MAL – Master of Liberal Arts MBA – Master of Business Administration MPA – Master of Public Administration MPS - Master of Public Service MPl – Master of Planning MChem – Master in Chemistry MC - Master of Counselling M. Des - Master of Design MDiv – Master of Divinity MEd – Master of Education MEng – Master of Engineering MFA – Master of Fine Arts MHA - Master of Healthcare Administration LL.M – Master of Law MLA - Master of Landscape Architecture MMath – Master of Mathematics MPhil – Master of Philosophy MRes – Master of Research MSc – Master of Science MPhys – Master of Physics MPharm - Master of Pharmacy MSE – Master of Science in Engineering MSRE – Master of Science in Real Estate MSW - Master of Social Work Magister – Magister ThM – Master of Theology MURP – Master of Urban and Regional Planning
[edit] Professional titles
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[edit] Ecclesiastical titles
[edit] Devotional titles
[edit] Titles for heads of state and other leaders
[edit] Elected or popularly proclaimed
[edit] Hereditary
Emperor Empress Empire Imperial
Imperial and Royal (Austria) Imperator (Imperatrix) Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Russia , First and Second French Empire, Austria, Mexico, Brazil, German Empire (none left in Europe after 1918), Empress of India (ceased to be used after 1947 when India was granted independence from the British Empire), Japan (the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world).
Duke Duchess Duchy Ducal Dux There are none left currently. Historical examples include Normandy.
Baron Baroness Barony Baronial Baro There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality, however, this is an historical exception; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style
[edit] Historical titles for heads of state
The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.
[edit] Appointed
[edit] Elected or popularly declared
[edit] Hereditary
When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.
Asia
Arasan/Arasi – Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonial Burma Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua – King of Thailand (Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.) Druk Gyalpo — hereditary title given to the king of Bhutan Chakrawarti Raja – India Sri Lanka Chogyal — "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975 Datu – pre-colonial Philippines Engku or Ungku – Malaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty Huángdì – Imperial China (Emperor)
Hwangje – Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea Hoang De – Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam
Meurah – Aceh before Islam Maha raja/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, Empress India, Sri Lanka
Racha – Thailand, same meaning as Raja Raja – pre-colonial Philippines Raja – Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess Raja – Nepal King Rani – Nepali Queen Hari – Filipino title for king
Patabenda – Sub- king Sri lanka Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath – King of Cambodia Khmer , the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.) Qaghan – Central Asian Tribes Saopha – Shan, king of Shan, today as a part of Myanmar Susuhanan – the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition Shahinshah or Padshah or Badshah- Persian/Iranian "King of Kings" or Persian rulers in Hindustan(India)
Shah – Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
Sheikh – Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE) Sultan/Sultana – Arabic King (present Oman and former Ottoman Empire)
Aceh, Brunei, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.
Syed – Islamic World, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad TennŠor Mikado – Japan
Tengku – Malaysia, Indonesia, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess Veyndhan, ko/Arasi – Tamil Nadu(India) Wang (King) – pre-Imperial China. In China, "king" is the usual translation for the term wang 王.
Wang – States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula. Vuong – States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
Europe
Arqa/Thagavor – King of Armenia Germanic king Basileus – Greek ruler Despot, a Byzantine court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the Latin Empire, Bulgaria, Serbia, and the Empire of Trebizond. Vezér – Ancient Hungarian Fejedelem – Ancient/Medieval Hungarian Tsar – the ruler of Imperial Russia Vojvoda (Serbian)/Vajda (Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/Romany Title Domn (in Romanian) /Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania (Moldova, Wallachia) RÃ, Rà túaithe, Ruiri, Rà ruireach, and Ard Rà – King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, and High King in Gaelic Ireland, also Scotland Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince") – Kievan Rus'/Serbia Kaiser – Imperial Germany Tsar/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia Kunigaikshtis (KunigaikÅ¡tis) – Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Župan sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia Autocrator Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
[edit] Fictional and hypothetical titles for heads of state
The title of a character found in Tarot cards based upon the Pope on the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin word papa (an affectionate form of the Latin for father). Indeed the Oxford English Dictionary does not contain the word.[2]
The mythical Pope Joan, who was reportedly a woman, is always referred to with the masculine title pope, even when her female identity is known. Further, even if a woman were to become Bishop of Rome it is unclear if she would take the title popess; a parallel might be drawn with the Anglican Communion whose female clergy use the masculine titles of priest and bishop as opposed to priestess or bishopess.
Nonetheless some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the word pope, such as the Italian papessa, the French papesse, and the German Päpstin.
[edit] Honorary titles granted by heads of state
[edit] Current
Consort (The husband of a queen who rules in her own right is known as a Prince Consort) Chamberlain (from which come the titles Grand Chamberlain, Lord Chamberlain, and Lord Great Chamberlain) Champion (mostly archaic, but the United Kingdom does still maintain an official Queen's Champion) Marshal (from which come Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice Marshal, Earl Marshal, Field Marshal, Grand Marshal, Hereditary Marshal, and Reich Marshal) Aide-de-camp Equerry Esquire Duke (the feminine equivalent is Duchess) Marquis or Marquess (the feminine equivalent is Marquise or Marchioness) Count (the feminine equivalent is Countess) Earl (used in the United Kingdom instead of Count, but the feminine equivalent is Countess) Viscount (feminine equivalent is Viscountess, from the same root as Count) Baron (the feminine equivalent is Baroness) Baronet (the feminine equivalent is Baronetess) Chevalier Knight Dame (The French term of respect Madame came from the same root. The masculine equivalent of a Dame is a Knight, although a Knight uses the title Sir rather than Knight before his name. Some knights, such as a Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter or Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, place their full title after their name) Lady (from which come First Lady and the anachronistic Second Lady; the masculine equivalent of Lady is Lord, from which come First Sea Lord and Lord of the Manor) Honourable (from which comes Right Honourable)
[edit] Historical
Russian:
German:
Spanish:
others
[edit] Executive branch of government and other sub-national rulers
[edit] Currently in use
Abbess (the masculine equivalent is Abbot) Acolyte Admiral (from which come Grand Admiral, Lord High Admiral, Rear Admiral, and Vice Admiral) Adjutant Agent Agister Almoner (from which comes Lord High Almoner) Ambassador Attaché Attorney Awoamefia Bishop (from which come Archbishop, Boy Bishop, Lord Archbishop, Metropolitan Bishop, and Prince Bishop) Brigadier Canon Cantor Captain (from which comes Group Captain) Chancellor (from which come Lord Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor) Chaplain Chargé d'affaires Commander (from which come Commander-in-Chief, Lieutenant Commander, and Wing Commander) Commissioner (from which come First Church Estates Commissioner and High Commissioner) Commodore (from which comes Air Commodore) Comptroller (from which Comptroller General and Comptroller of the Household) Constable (from which come Lord High Constable[disambiguation needed
] and Senior Constable) Corporal (from which come Lance Corporal and Staff Corporal) Courtier Curator Custos Deacon (from which comes Archdeacon) Dean Denkyerahene Docent Doyen Druid (the United Kingdom now has an official Archdruid) Edohen Ekegbian Elder Elerunwon Envoy Eze Father (from which comes Father of the Nation) Fon Foreman[disambiguation needed
] Forester (such as the United Kingdom's Master Forester) General is usually used as a sort of shorthand for "general military commander". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, including Adjutant General, Attorney General, Captain General, Colonel General, Director General, Generalissimo, General of the Army, Governor General, Lieutenant General, Lord Justice General, Major General, Resident General, Secretary General, Solicitor General, Surgeon General and Vicar General Gentiluomo Governor (from which comes Lieutenant Governor) Headman Herald of Arms Intendant (and the related Superintendent[disambiguation needed
]) Keeper, such as the British queen's Keeper of the Great Seal, and Keeper of the Prince's Privy Seal Lama and the related Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama Lamido Librarian Lieutenant (from which come First Lieutenant, Flight Lieutenant and Lord Lieutenant) Major Manager[disambiguation needed
] (from which comes General Manager) Marcher such as the current Lady Marcher in the United Kingdom Mate, more often titled as Chief Mate or First Mate Matriarch (the masculine equivalent is Patriarch) Mayor and related terms such as Lady Mayoress or Lord Mayor Minister from which come Prime Minister and a very long list of specific designations in the form "Minister of..." Mother (from which come Mother Superior, Queen Mother, and Reverend Mother) Msiri Mwami Nizam Oba Obi Obong Officer, a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These include Air Officer, Chief Academic Officer, Chief analytics officer, Chief Business Development Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, Chief Knowledge Officer, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Petty Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Chief Security Officer, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Technical Officer, Chief Warrant Officer, Corporate officer, Customs officer, Field officer, First Officer, Flag Officer, Flying Officer, General Officer, Intelligence Officer, Junior Warrant Officer, Master Chief Petty Officer, Master Warrant Officer, Officer of State, Petty Officer, Pilot Officer, Police Officer, Political Officer, Revenue Officer, Senior Officer, Ship's Officer, Staff Officer, and Warrant Officer. Oliha Olowo Olu Oni Prefect Prelate Premier Presbyter Priest (from which comes High Priest. The feminine equivalent is Priestess.) Primate Principal Prior (from which comes Lord Prior) Provost Pursuivant Queen's Remembrancer Rangatira Ranger[disambiguation needed
] Rector (from which come Lord Rector and Rector Magnificus) Registrar (in a variant spelling in the title Lord Clerk Register) Risaldar Sachem Sagamore Searcher of the Sanctuary Secretary (from which come Cardinal Secretary of State, Foreign Secretary, General Secretary, and Secretary of State, as well as a long list of other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister) Seigneur (from which come Monsignor and the French common polite term Monsieur, equivalent to Mister) Sergeant (from which come Sergeant at Mace and Sergeant of Arms Sharif Shehu Sheikh Sheriff (from which comes High Sheriff) Subaltern Subedar Sysselmann Timi Treasurer (from which come Master Treasurer and Secretary Treasurer) Verderer Vicar Warden (from which come Hereditary Warden and Lord Warden) Woodman
[edit] Historical
[edit] Judicial titles
[edit] In current use
[edit] Historical
[edit] Legislative titles
[edit] In current use
[edit] Historical
[edit] Honorary titles granted by an institution
Titles granted by an institution and used in direct address:
Dame, which comes from the same root as Dominus Bearer, such as Hereditary Banner Bearer, Standard Bearer, or Swordbearer Coach Doctor MD/PhD/JD/LLD Friar Master is used in many titles, including old terms for the teachers of social arts: Dance master, Drawing Master, Fencing Master, and Music Master. It is also used for school titles such as Deputy Headmaster, Housemaster, and Schoolmaster, and is the base for Deputy Master, Grandmaster, Guest Master, Joint Master, Master of the Horse, Master of the Rolls, Novice master, Queen's Bargemaster, Second Master and Senior Master. In fictional settings, you will find such characters as Dungeon Master and Slave Master. Finally, Master is the original form of Mister and its related terms- Miss, Missus, and Ms. The feminine equivalent of Master is Mistress. Maid When used as a title before a name, this is an old way to denote an unmarried woman, such as the character Maid Marian. The closest masculine equivalent would probably be Youth although this has never really been used as a title in the same way. Young boys used to be addressed as "Master [first name]" – this was the standard form for servants to address their employer's minor children. Nurse and Nanny Noble (being a member of Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine) Professor and its related titles: Adjunct Professor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Distinguished Professor, and Professor Emeritus Rabbi Reverend Sayyid
Titles awarded by institutions due to merit but not used in correspondence:
Honorary job titles in the royal household:
Titles granted by institutions due to position rather than merit (e.g. job title):
Apprentice Chief butler Director This title is used extensively for the leaders of artistic projects, such as an Animation director, Art director, Artistic director, Casting director, Creative director, Film director, Game director, Music director, Television director, Theatre director, and Video Director. Other forms are Director of Operations[disambiguation needed
], Funeral Director, and Technical Director. Instructor Journeyman Lecturer, including Principal Lecturer and Senior Lecturer Scout
[edit] Honorary titles granted by a mentor with the same title
[edit] Honorary titles granted by peers
[edit] Honorary titles bestowed by followers
[edit] See also
[edit] Sources
[edit] References